External & Internal Forces

Summary

Internal forces are newton third law pairs inside a system
External forces are forces outside a system

Read Time

⏱ 1 min

Definition

External and internal forces are forces that act on a system.

Internal forces are forces on a system that act on one another. They are Newton's third law pairs, so the sum of internal forces is always zero and doesn't change the motion of a system.

External forces are forces outside a system, like gravity and friction. They don't come in Newton's third law pairs. They affect the system's motion.

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